environmental wastes : Andra, National Radioactive Waste Management Agency

However, pile-ups and reflectors are still present in the reactors, while the sheaths have already been stored at the different operators EDF, CEA or COGEMA, those elements contain carbon 14 and chlorine 36, for example, the latter produced by the activation of impurities. environmental wastes Andra is therefore seeking, in co-operation with EDF and the CEA, to develop a specific system adapted to that type of waste, both waste categories are slightly radioactive but contain, long-lived radioelements.

The concept that is currently being contemplated for both is a subsurface repository excavated in a clay formation at a sufficient depth approximately 15 m to secure consistently the waste away from human beings, line 1. environmental wastes
Partitioning and transmutation studies, the fission of a nucleus broken into two new nuclei by the impact of a neutron is a form of transmutation, studies in this area are generally aimed at finding solutions to partition and transmute radioactive elements contained in waste. This means using nuclear reactors, particle accelerators or innovative system to transform long-lived radioactive waste into stable or short-lived isotopes and thus reduce the volume of waste requiring confinement over very long periods of time, line 2.

Deep geological disposal studies, the aim is to provide the necessary data for assessing the feasibility of a deep geological waste repository. environmental wastes This means comparing theoretical repository concepts with the particular conditions encountered in clearly defined geological sites, and demonstrating their safety over the very long term, the repository concepts studied are based on the multiple-barrier principle. The french National Radiactive Waste Management Agency is responsible for the long-term management of all radioactive watse in France and for the conduct of investigations on its disposal in deep geological formation.

The barriers are, the waste package the waste and the material used to stabilise it in a suitable overpack, the engineered barrier inserted between the waste package and the rock, and the geological barrier, i.. environmental wastes The actual rock, site characteristics are first studied from the surface, then in situ in an underground research laboratory.

low level radioactive wastes

Virtual image of a drift in the Underground Research Laboratory, in 1999, the French government approved the decision to create a laboratory on a clay site in Bure Meuse/Haute-Marne. environmental wastes Andra is in charge of this programme, line 3.

Studies on conditioning and long-term near-surface storage, research in this field includes the development of devices to store waste over several decades under acceptable safety conditions. environmental wastes This work is conducted by the CEA, with assistance from Andra and the CNRS, and is based on information provided by EDF and COGEMA, the chief producers of high-level and long-lived intermediate-level radioactive waste, drum containing vitrified waste.